Extracellular matrix: Composition and Remodelling

Introduction The extracellular matrix is a network of proteins and carbohydrates that supports and surrounds the cells in connective tissues. In addition to their structural-mechanical functions ECM molecules regulate diverse cellular functions, and play a significant role in several physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, inflammation and wound healing, hemostasis, fibrosis of various organs, tumor growth and metastasis, and angiogenesis. The interaction of ECM molecules with the cells is conducted through cell-matrix receptors including integrins (see. the seminar material on Cell adhesion). The extracellular matrix is not static: it is remodelled constantly, which implies its constant breakdown by proteases, notably matrix metalloproteinases. During the seminar, we will discuss this topic according to the following scheme: